Laravel开发相关笔记

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三方开发相关的笔记

参考链接

安装

获取Laravel安装器

# 仅PHP8单版本
composer global require laravel/installer
# PHP多版本
/path/to/php8 /path/to/composer8 global require laravel/installer

获取Laravel代码

# 安装器获取最新版
laravel new [项目名]

# composer获取最新版本
composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel [项目名]
# composer获取指定版本
composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel=10.* [项目名]

目录结构

常用目录及文件

# 路由目录、文件
routes/web.php

# 通过修改以下文件定义web.php以外的路由文件
app/Http/Kernel.php
app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php

# 控制器目录、文件
app/Http/Controllers/XxxController.php

# 视图目录、文件
resources/views/xxx.blade.php

# 模型目录、文件
app/Models/Xxx.php

路由、控制器、视图、模型

路由(routes/web.php)

<?php

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;
use App\Http\Controllers\User;

//用户信息
Route::get('/api/user/{userId}', [User::class, 'user']);

//用户列表
Route::get('/api/users/{page}', [User::class, 'users']);

//用户信息view
Route::get('/api/user_view/{userId}', [User::class, 'userView']);

//用户列表view
Route::get('/api/users_view/{page}', [User::class, 'usersView']);

控制器(app/Http/Controllers/UserController.php)

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use Illuminate\Routing\Controller as BaseController;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;

class User extends BaseController
{
    //用户信息
    public function user(Request $request, $id)
    {
        //$get = $request->query->all();
        //$request = $request->all();
        $user = DB::table('admin_users')
            ->where('id', '=', $id)
            ->first();
        $user = json_decode(json_encode($user), true);
        $content = json_encode(
            $user,
            JSON_PRETTY_PRINT |
            JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES |
            JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE
        );
        $status = 200;
        $headers = [];
        return response($content, $status, $headers);
    }

    //用户列表
    public function users(Request $request, $page)
    {
        //$get = $request->query->all();
        //$request = $request->all();
        $size = 10;
        $node = intval(bcmul(bcsub($page, 1, 0), $size, 0));
        $users = DB::table('admin_users')
            ->orderBy('id', 'asc')
            ->limit($size)
            ->offset($node)
            ->get();
        $users = json_decode(json_encode($users), true);
        $content = json_encode(
            $users,
            JSON_PRETTY_PRINT |
            JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES |
            JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE
        );
        $status = 200;
        $headers = [];
        return response($content, $status, $headers);
    }

    //用户信息view
    public function userView(Request $request, $id)
    {
        //$get = $request->query->all();
        //$request = $request->all();
        $user = DB::table('admin_users')
            ->where('id', '=', $id)
            ->first();
        $user = json_decode(json_encode($user), true);
        return view('user', $user);
    }

    //用户列表view
    public function usersView(Request $request, $page)
    {
        //$get = $request->query->all();
        //$request = $request->all();
        $size = 10;
        $node = intval(bcmul(bcsub($page, 1, 0), $size, 0));
        $users = DB::table('admin_users')
            ->orderBy('id', 'asc')
            ->limit($size)
            ->offset($node)
            ->get();
        $users = json_decode(json_encode($users), true);
        return view('users', ['users' => $users]);
    }
}

视图

<!--如果视图文件存在目录中，则以'目录/文件'方式调用视图文件-->
<!--{!!$name!!}会解析标签不过滤-->
<!--可以直接调用php函数-->

<!--resources/views/users.blade.php-->
<!doctype html>
<html lang=zh>
<head>
    <title>控制器路由-调用视图</title>
    <meta charset=UTF-8>
</head>
<body>
@foreach($users as $user)
    <h1>id: </h1>
    <h2>username: </h2>
    <h2>name: </h2>
    <h2>avatar: </h2>
    <h2>created_at: </h2>
    <h2>updated_at: </h2>
    @isset($user['score'])
        @if($user['score'] >= 90)
            <h2>成绩：优秀</h2>
        @elseif($user['score'] >= 60)
            <h2>成绩：良好</h2>
        @else
            <h2>成绩：一般</h2>
        @endif
    @endisset
@endforeach
</body>
</html>

<!--resources/views/user.blade.php-->
<!doctype html>
<html lang=zh>
<head>
    <title>控制器路由-调用视图</title>
    <meta charset=UTF-8>
</head>
<body>
<h1>id: </h1>
<h2>username: </h2>
<h2>name: </h2>
<h2>avatar: </h2>
<h2>created_at: </h2>
<h2>updated_at: </h2>
@isset($score)
    @if($score >= 90)
        <h2>成绩：优秀</h2>
    @elseif($score >= 60)
        <h2>成绩：良好</h2>
    @else
        <h2>成绩：一般</h2>
    @endif
@endisset
</body>
</html>

拆分路由文件

# 可以通过以下方式拆分路由文件、防止路由文件过大
# 修改app/Http/Kernel.php
<?php
class Kernel extends HttpKernel
{
    //改写以下代码片段
    protected $middlewareGroups = [
        'user' => [
            //此处为新增，从web而来...
        ],

        'web' => [
            //框架默认...
        ],

        'api' => [
            //框架默认...
        ],
    ];
}
?>

# 修改app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php
<?php
class RouteServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
{
    public function boot(): void
    {
        $this->routes(function () {
            Route::middleware('api')
                ->prefix('api')
                ->group(base_path('routes/api.php'));

            Route::middleware('web')
                ->group(base_path('routes/web.php'));

            //此处为新增↓，从web而来...
            Route::middleware('user')
                ->group(base_path('routes/user.php'));
        });
    }
}
?>

环境变量

创建及获取

# .env可设置及修改环境变量
# $param = env('PARAM', '默认值');

数据库

数据库配置文件

# .env存储全局所有配置
# config/database.php存储数据库相关配置
# 可以通过修改database.php设置表前缀
# 'prefix' => env('DB_PREFIX', ''),

数据库常用操作

<?php
//全表
$users = DB::table('users')
    ->get();
//多行
$users = DB::table('users')
    ->where('id', '>', 0)
    ->limit(10)
    ->offset(0)
    ->get();
//多行多列
$users = DB::table('users')
    ->select('name', 'username')
    ->where('id', '>', 0)
    ->limit(10)
    ->offset(0)
    ->get();
$users = DB::table('admin_users')
    ->pluck('name','username');
//一行多列
$user = DB::table('admin_users')
    ->where('id', '=', 1)
    ->first();
//多行一列
$names = DB::table('admin_users')
    ->pluck('name');
//一行一列
$name = DB::table('admin_users')
    ->where('id', '=', 1)
    ->value('name');
//分组(DB::raw('原生SQL'))
$groups = DB::table('admin_users')
    ->select('created_at', DB::raw('count(*) as total'))
    ->where('id', '>', '0')
    ->groupBy('created_at')
    ->orderBy('total')
    ->having('total', '>', 0)
    ->get();

//增删改查
// 插入
DB::insert('INSERT INTO users (name, username) VALUES (?, ?)', ['张三', 'ZhangSan']);
$id = DB::table('users')->insertGetId(['name' => '张三', 'username' => 'ZhangSan']);

// 删除
DB::delete('DELETE FROM users WHERE id = ?', [1]);

// 更新
DB::update('UPDATE users SET name = ? WHERE id = ?', ['张三', 1]);

// 查询
$user = DB::select('SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?', [1]);

//事务处理
DB::transaction(function () {
    DB::update('UPDATE users SET name = ? WHERE id = ?', ['张三', 1]);
    DB::delete('DELETE FROM users WHERE id = ?', [1]);
});

//死锁处理
DB::transaction(function () {
    DB::update('UPDATE users SET name = ? WHERE id = ?', ['张三', 1]);
    DB::delete('DELETE FROM users WHERE id = ?', [1]);
}, 5);

//连表查询
$posts = DB::table('orders')
    ->join('users', 'orders.user_id', '=', 'users.id')
    ->select('orders.*', 'users.name', 'users.username')
    ->get();

RESTful API

设计规范

GET      /users           # 获取用户列表
GET      /users/{id}      # 获取单个用户
POST     /users           # 创建新的用户
PUT      /users/{id}      # 更新用户信息(
PATCH    /users/{id}      # 更新用户信息(部分)
DELETE   /users/{id}      # 删除既有用户

PHPLaravel

Laravel开发相关笔记

参考链接

安装

目录结构

路由、控制器、视图、模型

环境变量

数据库

RESTful API

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