Linux安装mysql(yum)

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安装前的准备

yum -y --nogpgcheck \
install \
libaio \
libtool \
net-tools \
bison-devel \
libaio-devel \
ncurses-devel \
perl-Data-Dumper

获取rpm包

wget --no-check-certificate -c http://repo.mysql.com/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

安装rpm包

rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
rpm --import https://repo.mysql.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022

通过rpm包安装mysql

yum -y --nogpgcheck install mysql-server

修改文件打开数上限

# 系统文件打开数上限
vim /etc/security/limits.conf

* soft nproc 65535
* hard nproc 65535
* soft nofile 65535
* hard nofile 65535

ESC
:wq

# MySQL文件打开数上限
vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service

LimitNOFILE=65535

ESC
:wq

systemctl daemon-reload

修改my.conf

vim /etc/my.cnf

[client]
default-character-set=utf8mb4

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8mb4

[mysqld]
innodb-file-per-table=1
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci

datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
symbolic-links=0
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

# 内存与缓存优化
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
tmp_table_size = 32M
max_heap_table_size = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 256K
read_buffer_size = 256K
join_buffer_size = 256K

# 连接与超时控制
max_connections = 50
wait_timeout = 300
interactive_timeout = 300

# 二进制日志
server_id = 1
log_bin = /data/mysql/mysql-bin
binlog_format = ROW
expire_logs_days = 7
max_binlog_size = 100M
sync_binlog = 1

# 性能与安全优化
performance_schema = OFF
skip-name-resolve
sql_mode = 'STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION'

ESC
:wq

创建数据文件目录、所属组、用户改为mysql

mkdir /data
mkdir /data/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/*/mysql*

修改SELinux

vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux

SELINUX=disabled

ESC
:wq

setenforce 0

启动数据库,生成socket文件

systemctl enable mysqld
systemctl start mysqld
# 因为配置文件中指定了
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
# 所以初始密码在如下文件中
/var/log/mysqld.log
cat /var/log/mysqld.log|grep password
# 结果显示
A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: **************

修改数据库初始密码

mysql -u root -p
# 输入原始密码
**************
# 设置允许使用弱密码
SET GLOBAL validate_password_policy=0;
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '**************';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'mysql'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '**************' WITH GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
QUIT;

初始化数据库(除了密码一律选择Y)

# 如果是数据库【安装】则只执行下面这步
mysql_secure_installation

# 如果是数据库【升级】则只执行下面这步(**************表示数据库之前的密码)
mysql_upgrade -u root -p
**************

配置防火墙

systemctl unmask firewalld
systemctl enable firewalld
systemctl start  firewalld
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp
firewall-cmd --reload

测试启动、停止、重启mysql

#启用并启动
systemctl enable mysqld
systemctl start mysqld
#禁用并关闭
systemctl disable mysqld
systemctl stop mysqld
#启用并重新启动
systemctl enable mysqld
systemctl restart mysqld

设置外部访问密码

# 数据库名-通配符及格式:
    *[允许操作所有数据库]
    %pay%[允许操作名字包含'pay'的数据库]
    mydatabase[仅允许操作'mydatabase'数据库]
# 表名-通配符及格式:
    *[允许操作所有表]
    %pay%[允许操作名字包含'pay'的表]
    mytable[仅允许操作'mytable'表]
# ip地址-通配符及格式:
    %/0.0.0.0[允许任意IP访问]
    xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx[仅限公网访问]
    192.168.x.xxx[仅限局域网访问]
    localhost/127.0.0.1/::1[仅限本机访问]

# 数据库授权格式
GRANT 权限名 ON BASE白名单.TABLE白名单 TO '用户'@'HOST白名单' IDENTIFIED BY '用户密码' WITH GRANT OPTION;
# 刷新权限
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

# 为任意数据库表 任意操作 分配root用户,仅限本地访问
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '**************' WITH GRANT OPTION;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY '**************' WITH GRANT OPTION;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'::1' IDENTIFIED BY '**************' WITH GRANT OPTION;

# 为任意数据库表 任意操作 分配mysql用户,任意IP访问(安装调试阶段、本地开发使用,用后即删)
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'mysql'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '**************' WITH GRANT OPTION;

# 为任意数据库表 增删改查 分配单独用户,为不同的业务分配专属用户
GRANT INSERT ON *.* TO 'insert1'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY '**************' WITH GRANT OPTION;
GRANT DELETE ON *.* TO 'delete1'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY '**************' WITH GRANT OPTION;
GRANT UPDATE ON *.* TO 'update1'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY '**************' WITH GRANT OPTION;
GRANT SELECT ON *.* TO 'select1'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY '**************' WITH GRANT OPTION;

# 刷新权限
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

官方YUM源码
官方YUM安装

Linux安装mysql(yum)(sql)

Linux安装mysql(yum)

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